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學習體育≠孤立地做體育訓練

弗朗西斯·培根有一句名言：知識就是力量。這句話放在21世紀的體育科學中，更是一點也沒有錯。完善的體育學習離不開理論知識的支持。有理論加持的實踐才能讓我們獲得更強大的身體素質、精神和情感力量，從而在體育項目中取得更好的運動表現和運動體驗，這也正是英國中學課程IGCSE體育課程的核心：理論知識與體育訓練兩手都要抓、兩手都要硬。

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當第一次聽說學體育也要學習理論知識時，想必許多人都覺得十分驚奇：體育，不是只要“更高、更快、更強”就可以了嗎？“亞洲飛人” 蘇炳添的美籍教練蘭迪·亨廷頓曾通過一系列科學測試和數據分析, 解決了蘇炳添百米快跑后程沖刺力差的短板。可見，支撐著人類體育歷史上每一次更高、更快、更強的，除了毅力和天賦，還有科學理論的支持。惠靈頓杭州校區的IGCSE體育課程正是體育理論與實踐完美結合的體現，賦予學生更自信地開展體育鍛煉的能力。

下文中，體育教研組長Christy O"Donnell將為我們詳細解答惠靈頓杭州校區的IGCSE體育課程知識，解答家長們的常見問題。

Christy O"Donnell?

體育教研組長

您能簡單介紹一下IGCSE體育課程嗎？

劍橋IGCSE體育教材（學生用書）

在IGCSE體育課上，學生不僅要進行體育實踐，還要學習體育理論知識。換言之，學生要一邊開展多項體育活動，一邊學習所選體育項目的有效技能。這門課程非常適合運動校隊成員或身為校外運動俱樂部成員的學生選修學習，以精進運動技能，深入鉆研體能、社會和心理狀態在運動中的體現和與運動的聯系。哪些原則、實踐和訓練有助于提升運動技能？怎樣才能保持更好的身心健康狀況？這些都是IGCSE體育課上學生將深入研討的內容。

IGCSE體育理論知識部分有多重要？

IGCSE體育課程中，體育理論是非常重要的一部分。惠靈頓杭州校區的IGCSE體育課程中，學生將學習體育運動背后的理論知識。這部分內容為教室授課。一半理論、一半實踐的課程設置讓IGCSE體育課程充滿了樂趣和挑戰，令人欲罷不能。

學生每周有三節體育課，其中，兩節是教室內授課的理論課，一節是運動實踐課。學生學習主題有：

- 解剖學和生理學

- 健康、健身和訓練

- 技巧習得和心理學

- 社交、文化和道德影響

IGCSE體育正式考試具體考核的是什么 ？

學生將于十一年級末參加體育理論考試。理論考試為書面考試，含簡答題、論述題和單選題，考試時長為1小時25分鐘，占總成績的50%。這部分考察的是學生對所學內容的理解程度，考察內容即為上文中提到的解剖學和生理學，健康、健身和訓練，技巧習得和心理學，社交、文化和道德影響。

運動實踐考試占體育考評的50%。學生要從多類體育運動（游戲活動、體操活動、舞蹈活動、體育活動、戶外和冒險活動、游泳和格斗活動）中挑選至少兩類中的四項體育運動，并展現相應的運動技能。因此，選修體育課的學生一定要積極參與課上的所有體育類活動中，并積極投入到校園活動（SA）中的體育類課程中，這樣才能持續提升運動技能。學校還將積極支持在校外參加高爾夫、滑雪、馬術、舞蹈等運動的學生。考試時，學生要提交能展現本人符合考試標準的視頻證據。

我們如何評估學生表現的？

惠靈頓杭州校區體育教研組以堅定的信念積極支持學生的IGCSE體育學習和運動發展，例如鼓勵學生樹立遠大的理想、彌補短板、強化學習、保障身心健康，等等。為讓學生在IGCSE考試中取得優異的表現，我們的體育老師們整合多年體育領域的實踐和教學經驗，傾情傳授自己的專業知識。課程開展的過程中，我們通過單元小測和模擬測試展開過程性評估，從而找到并支持學生發揮自身優勢、精益求精，讓學生為參加嚴謹的IGCSE考試做足準備。

IGCSE體育課程的評估目標是：

- 認識和理解支撐體育活動開展和運動能力發展的理論原則。

- 將對相關理論原則的知識和理解（如對運動能力的分析和評估）應用到多種體育活動和運動中。

- 有能力選擇并實施相關技能，有效地施展到選定的四項體育運動中。

我們鼓勵學生把握自己的學習進展，找到有待改善的方面，主動完成額外的復習題和試卷，熟練掌握所學主題、問題，學習迎接壓力、積極應試的技巧。

學習IGCSE體育課后，未來有哪些職業選擇？

熱愛體能活動或運動項目的孩子，如果希望深入理解所選體育運動背后的理論原則和知識，那么惠靈頓杭州校區的IGCSE體育課程是個理想的不二選擇。該課程能為學生奠定夯實的知識基礎，讓學生具備深入研究運動與體育科學、物理理療、體育教學、運動心理學、體育營銷等的基本技能，或為成為職業運動員、運動分析師和體育經紀人等專業人士做好準備。縱觀全球，體育相關類的職業正在快速增加，而惠靈頓杭州校區的IGCSE體育課程能為學生打好從事相關行業的堅實基礎。

IGCSE體育課程培養的是學生的惠立特質，尤其是“慎思”這一特質。通過卓越的體育理論教育，我們培養惠立學子具備批判性地思考問題的思辨能力，養成科學開展體育運動的思維，激發學生開展深層次的學習，讓同學們在學校之外也能時時處處好奇多問，無處不學習，終生熱愛體育學習。IGCSE體育課更是對學生“勇氣”價值觀的集中體現。正如惠立價值觀中對勇氣的定義一樣——勇氣是指克服恐懼、痛苦、危險、未知或恐嚇的能力，以及為了追求成功而敢于冒險的精神——學生的每一場體育鍛煉，不論是球類運動還是田徑項目，體現的除了持之以恒的信念和毅力之外，還有勇于突破、敢為人先的無畏勇氣。希望惠立學子能在體育課的學習中，持續提升自己，以健全的人格和強壯的體魄迎接日新月異的世界。

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Physical education is about more than just physical practice

It also requires learning theoretical knowledge. Francis Bacon famously said, “Knowledge is power,” which remains true in Physical Education in the 21st century. Practice supported by theory allows us to be stronger physically, mentally and emotionally, and perform better in our chosen sports. It is the core of the IGCSE PE course in Britain, i.e., our course includes theory learning and physical training.

Many must have been surprised to learn for the first time that they needed to learn theoretical knowledge while taking the PE course. They may wonder, “Isn’t sports simply about getting fitter, faster, and stronger”? Randy Huntington, an American coach for Su Bingtian (the first ever Asian-born sprinter to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 metres event), helped Su to be a faster sprinter by adopting scientific tests and data analysis. It can be seen that besides one’s talent and perseverance, there is the support of scientific theory behind each step of becoming fitter, faster, and stronger. The IGCSE PE course at Wellington College Hangzhou is the perfect combination of sports theory and practice that endows our pupils confidence in their sports activities.

Mr. Christy O’Donnell, Head of PE, will introduce in detail the IGCSE PE course in the following article and answer some of the frequently asked questions from parents.

Christy O"Donnell?

Head of PE

Please give a brief introduction to the IGCSE PE course

IGCSE PE at Wellington College Hangzhou allows our pupils to study both the practical and theoretical aspects of Physical Education. The course is designed to provide our pupils with the opportunity to participate in a range of physical activities and develop their understanding of effective performance in their own sports. It suits pupils who represent the school sports teams or play for a club outside of school. It will take their sporting prowess to a higher level while helping them understand the physical, social and psychological involvement and link to sport. We support our pupils in their learning to develop an appreciation of the necessity for sound knowledge and understanding of the principles, practices and training that underlie improved performance and the necessity for better health and wellbeing.

How important is the theoretical knowledge component of the IGCSE PE course?

There is a significant theoretical component to this course. IGCSE Physical Education at Wellington College Hangzhou provides the opportunity to study the theory behind sports and activity. This is taught in the classroom. The theory (50% of the course)?and?practical (50% of the course) combination make the study of IGCSE PE at this level exciting, challenging and enjoyable.

Pupils at Wellington College Hangzhou enjoy three lessons a week (2 classroom-based theory lessons and one practical lesson) where they study the following topics:

- Anatomy and Physiology

- Health, Fitness and Training

- Skill acquisition and psychology

- Social, cultural, and ethical influences

What is assessed in the formal IGCSE PE exam?

The theory elements of the course will be assessed at the end of Year 11 and will be worth 50% of the overall grade. In addition, a written exam, lasting 1 hour and 45 minutes, which will include a mixture of short and long answers, as well as multiple choice questions, will test pupils’ knowledge in the learnt topics that have?anatomy and physiology, health, fitness and training; skill acquisition and psychology; and social, cultural and ethical issues.

The remaining 50% of the course includes practical assessments in four different sports covering at least two categories: games; dance; gymnastics; athletics; swimming; OAA (Outdoor Adventure Activities); and combat. These four assessments will take place throughout the two-year course. For this reason, pupils must be willing to fully engage in all practical activities we offer during curriculum time and commit themselves to extra-curricular activities, or school sporting activities (SAs), to improve their performance further. We support pupils who play sports outside school, such as golf, skiing, horse riding or dance. Video evidence does have to be submitted to demonstrate the assessment criteria.

How dowe assess our pupils"performance?

Each member of the PE Department takes pride in everything that we do at Wellington College Hangzhou to support our pupil’s development in IGCSE PE and sport. We support them with their ambitions, areas of development, studies, and wellbeing, to name but a few. To ensure that pupils are successful at IGCSE, our team of specialist PE teachers draw on years of experience in their sporting fields to engage and teach our pupils everything they need to know. Continual assessment throughout the course, in the form of unit and mock exams, prepares our pupils for the rigour of the IGCSE exam, whilst enabling staff to identify and support pupils’ strengths and areas where they require development to achieve the best possible outcome.

The assessment objectives of the IGCSE PE course are as follows:

- To demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the theoretical principles that underpin performance in physical activities and sports.

- Apply knowledge and understanding of the theoretical principles to various physical activities and sports, including the analysis and evaluation of performance.

- To demonstrate the ability to select and perform appropriate skills to produce effective performance in four practical activities.

We encourage each pupil to take ownership of their learning by identifying these areas of development and completing additional revision questions and papers to ensure they can master the topics, questions, and appropriate exam techniques to be successful under the pressures of examinations.

What are the future career options after studying IGCSE PE?

If your child loves physical activity and sports, and is interested in developing their knowledge and a deeper understanding of the theoretical principles underpinning performance in their sport(s), then IGCSE Physical Education at Wellington College Hangzhou is the ideal choice. This course is excellent for building the foundations necessary for further study in Exercise and Sport Sciences, physiotherapy, PE teaching, sport psychology, professional athlete, sports analyst, sports marketing, or sports agent. Sport-related careers have increased significantly worldwide, and there’s no better foundation you require for this than studying IGCSE PE at Wellington College Hangzhou.With the IGCSE PE course, pupils demonstrate Huili’s identity, especially the identity of being?Intellectual. We support Huili pupils to move into the world with the ability to think critically and engage in deep learning. They will be able to study beyond the bounds of the PE curriculum, be inquisitive and ask questions about everything around them, and be imbued with a life-long love of learning more about sports. It is also a course that showcases the Huili value of?courage. We define courage at Huili as the ability to confront fear, pain, danger or uncertainty and take calculated risks in pursuing goodness. Every time our pupils go to the gym, the field, or the track, they demonstrate faith in themselves and perseverance and the courage to make breakthroughs and be a pioneer. We hope our Huili pupils will continue improving through the IGCSE PE learning and embrace the ever-changing world with psychological and physical strength.